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## Objective: to provide electronic circuits for initiation ## Objective: to provide electronic circuits for initiation
** Ideas ** **Ideas**
* Alternation between theory and practice, for example first introducing a new component and testing it, then providing a useful application. * Alternation between theory and practice, for example first introducing a new component and testing it, then providing a useful application.
* Provision of importable files in a circuit simulator to learn and test on a computer * Provision of importable files in a circuit simulator to learn and test on a computer
@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ Let's apply it to 5 concepts to understand electricity:
* Capacity * Capacity
** Tension ** It is the difference in height that exists between the two highest and lowest points for a waterfall. The water will flow in that direction. This notion is clearer when it is called Potential Difference (DDP). Electrons only circulate if there is DDP. It takes a high potential (the + of the battery) and a low potential (the - of the battery) for electricity to flow. We measure in Volts. **Tension** It is the difference in height that exists between the two highest and lowest points for a waterfall. The water will flow in that direction. This notion is clearer when it is called Potential Difference (DDP). Electrons only circulate if there is DDP. It takes a high potential (the + of the battery) and a low potential (the - of the battery) for electricity to flow. We measure in Volts.
** Resistance ** This is the diameter of the tap through which the water flows. The smaller the tap, the greater the resistance, and the less current it lets through. This analogy of the tap is false if we apply it to closed circuits because there is no acceleration in electricity. We can use the analogy of Obelix and the Romans, that of supermarket checkouts or consider that the residence is like sand that will be deposited all along the circuit and reduce the possible flow. We measure in Ohms. **Resistance** This is the diameter of the tap through which the water flows. The smaller the tap, the greater the resistance, and the less current it lets through. This analogy of the tap is false if we apply it to closed circuits because there is no acceleration in electricity. We can use the analogy of Obelix and the Romans, that of supermarket checkouts or consider that the residence is like sand that will be deposited all along the circuit and reduce the possible flow. We measure in Ohms.
** Intensity ** This is the amount of water that will flow in a given time. For example, one liter per second. The stronger the PDD and the lower the resistance, the higher the intensity will be. We measure in Amps. **Intensity** This is the amount of water that will flow in a given time. For example, one liter per second. The stronger the PDD and the lower the resistance, the higher the intensity will be. We measure in Amps.
### 1. Symbols ### 1. Symbols
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### 2. Simple circuits ### 2. Simple circuits
** Theoretical **: The current, the direction of the current **Theoretical**: The current, the direction of the current
** Components **: DC power supply, Resistor, Switch, LED **Components**: DC power supply, Resistor, Switch, LED
** Oscilloscopes **: place in different places **Oscilloscopes**: place in different places
* Current: open / closed circuit with switch + short circuit * Current: open / closed circuit with switch + short circuit
* LED: observe the direction of the current, no internal resistance = blast the LED without resistance * LED: observe the direction of the current, no internal resistance = blast the LED without resistance
* Resistors: modify the resistance to observe the effects * Resistors: modify the resistance to observe the effects
* Power supply: vary the current * Power supply: vary the current
* Ohm's law: measure the power consumed * Ohm's law: measure the power consumed
** Application **: a humidity detector **Application**: a humidity detector
### 3. Parallel / series circuits ### 3. Parallel / series circuits
** Theoretical **: Make circuits with branches **Theoretical**: Make circuits with branches
** Law **: Addition of resistances **Law**: Addition of resistances
** Components **: DC power supply, Resistor, Switch, LED, Relay **Components**: DC power supply, Resistor, Switch, LED, Relay
R = R1.R1 / (R1 + R2) R = R1.R1 / (R1 + R2)